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Popularity of the Born Again Movement

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This commodity is about the Christian term. For other uses, meet Born Again.

Evangelical Christian term

Built-in once again, or to feel the new birth, is a phrase, peculiarly in evangelicalism, that refers to a "spiritual rebirth", or a regeneration of the human spirit. In contrast to one's physical nascence, beingness "born over again" is distinctly and separately caused past baptism in the Holy Spirit, it is not caused past baptism in water. It is a cadre doctrine of the denominations of the Methodist, Quaker, Baptist, and Pentecostal Churches forth with all other evangelical Christian denominations. All of these Churches strongly believe Jesus' words in the Gospels: "You must exist born again before you tin can see, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven." Their doctrines also mandate that to be both "born again" and "saved", one must take a personal and intimate relationship with Jesus Christ.[i] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

In contemporary Christian usage and apart from evangelicalism, the term is distinct from like terms which are sometimes used in Christianity in reference to a person who is being or becoming a Christian. This usage of the term is usually linked to baptism with water and the related doctrine of baptismal regeneration. Individuals who profess to be "born again" (meaning in the "Holy Spirit") often land that they have a "personal relationship with Jesus Christ".[seven] [five] [6]

In addition to using this phrase with those who do not profess to be Christians, some Evangelical Christians use the phrase and evangelize those who belong to other Christian denominations or groups. This practice is based on the belief that non-Evangelical Christians, even those Christians who are professed Christians, are not "born again" and do not take a "personal human relationship with Jesus." They therefore believe that they should deliver to non-Evangelical Christians in the same manner that they would deliver to people who do not profess the Christian faith.

The phrase "built-in again" is besides used as an adjective to describe individual members of the motility who espouse this belief, and it is also used equally an adjective to depict the motility itself ("born-once more Christian" and the "born-again motion").

Origin [edit]

Jesus and Nicodemus painting by Alexander Bida, 1874

The term is derived from an upshot in the Gospel of John in which the words of Jesus were not understood by a Jewish pharisee, Nicodemus.

Jesus replied, "Very truly I tell you, no one tin can see the kingdom of God unless they are born again." "How can someone exist born when they are old?" Nicodemus asked. "Surely they cannot enter a second fourth dimension into their female parent's womb to exist born!" Jesus answered, "Very truly I tell you, no ane tin can enter the kingdom of God unless they are born of water and the Spirit."

—Gospel of John, John chapter three, verses iii–5, NIV[viii]

The Gospel of John was written in Koine Greek, and the original text is ambiguous which results in a double entendre that Nicodemus misunderstands. The discussion translated every bit again is ἄνωθεν (ánōtʰen), which could mean either "once again", or "from higher up".[9] The double entendre is a effigy of oral communication that the gospel author uses to create bewilderment or misunderstanding in the hearer; the misunderstanding is and then clarified by either Jesus or the narrator. Nicodemus takes just the literal significant from Jesus's statement, while Jesus clarifies that he means more of a spiritual rebirth from higher up. English translations have to option one sense of the phrase or some other; the NIV, Male monarch James Version, and Revised Version use "born once again", while the New Revised Standard Version[10] and the New English Translation[xi] prefer the "born from above" translation.[12] Well-nigh versions will notation the culling sense of the phrase anōthen in a footnote.

Edwyn Hoskyns argues that "born from above" is to be preferred as the fundamental meaning and he drew attention to phrases such as "birth of the Spirit",[13] "birth from God",[14] but maintains that this necessarily carries with it an emphasis upon the newness of the life every bit given by God himself.[15]

The concluding use of the phrase occurs in the Outset Epistle of Peter, rendered in the King James Version as:

Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned beloved of the brethren, [meet that ye] love one another with a pure heart fervently: / Beingness born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for always.

—1 Peter 1:22-23[16]

Here, the Greek discussion translated as "born again" is ἀναγεγεννημένοι ( anagegennēménoi ).[17]

Interpretations [edit]

The traditional Jewish understanding of the promise of conservancy is interpreted as being rooted in "the seed of Abraham"; that is, concrete lineage from Abraham. Jesus explained to Nicodemus that this doctrine was in error—that every person must have 2 births—natural birth of the physical trunk and another of the water and the spirit.[18] This discourse with Nicodemus established the Christian belief that all human beings—whether Jew or Gentile—must be "born again" of the spiritual seed of Christ. The Apostle Peter further reinforced this understanding in 1 Peter 1:23.[19] [17] The Catholic Encyclopedia states that "[a] controversy existed in the archaic church over the interpretation of the expression the seed of Abraham. It is [the Campaigner Paul's] teaching in one instance that all who are Christ'due south by faith are Abraham's seed, and heirs according to promise. He is concerned, yet, with the fact that the promise is non existence fulfilled to the seed of Abraham (referring to the Jews)."[20]

Charles Hodge writes that "The subjective modify wrought in the soul by the grace of God, is variously designated in Scripture" with terms such as new nascence, resurrection, new life, new creation, renewing of the mind, dying to sin and living to righteousness, and translation from darkness to lite.[21]

Jesus used the "nascency" analogy in tracing spiritual newness of life to a divine beginning. Gimmicky Christian theologians have provided explanations for "born from above" being a more accurate translation of the original Greek word transliterated anōthen. [22] Theologian Frank Stagg cites two reasons why the newer translation is meaning:

  1. The emphasis "from above" (implying "from Heaven") calls attention to the source of the "newness of life". Stagg writes that the give-and-take "again" does not include the source of the new kind of outset;
  2. More than personal comeback is needed. "a new destiny requires a new origin, and the new origin must be from God."[23]

An early instance of the term in its more modern utilise appears in the sermons of John Wesley. In the sermon entitled A New Birth he writes, "none tin can exist holy unless he be born again", and "except he be born once more, none can be happy even in this globe. For ... a man should not be happy who is not holy." Also, "I say, [a human being] may be born once again and so become an heir of salvation." Wesley also states infants who are baptized are born again, but for adults information technology is different:

our church supposes, that all who are baptized in their infancy, are at the aforementioned fourth dimension built-in again. ... But ... it is certain all of riper years, who are baptized, are not at the same fourth dimension born once again.[24]

A Unitarian work chosen The Gospel Anchor noted in the 1830s that the phrase was non mentioned by the other Evangelists, nor by the Apostles except Peter. "It was not regarded by any of the Evangelists simply John of sufficient importance to record." It adds that without John, "we should hardly have known that information technology was necessary for one to be born again." This suggests that "the text and context was meant to utilize to Nicodemus particularly, and non to the earth."[25]

Historicity [edit]

Scholars of historical Jesus, that is, attempting to define how closely the stories of Jesus lucifer the historical events they are based on, generally care for Jesus'south conversation with Nicodemus in John 3 with skepticism. It details what is presumably a private chat betwixt Jesus and Nicodemus, with none of the disciples seemingly attention, making it unclear how a record of this conversation was acquired. In add-on, the conversation is recorded in no other ancient Christian source other than John and works based on John.[26] According to Bart Ehrman, the larger issue is that the same problem English translations of the Bible take with the Greek ἄνωθεν (anōthen) is a trouble in the Aramaic language as well: there is no unmarried discussion in Aramaic that means both "over again" and "from higher up", nonetheless the conversation rests on Nicodemus making this misunderstanding.[27] As the conversation was between two Jews in Jerusalem, where Aramaic was the native linguistic communication, at that place is no reason to think that they'd have spoken in Greek.[26] This implies that fifty-fifty if based on a existent conversation, the author of John heavily modified information technology to include Greek wordplay and idiom.[26]

Denominational positions [edit]

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics notes: "The GSS ... has asked a built-in-again question on iii occasions ... 'Would you say you accept been 'born again' or have had a 'born-again' feel?" The Handbook says that "Evangelical, blackness, and Latino Protestants tend to respond similarly, with about ii-thirds of each group answering in the affirmative. In dissimilarity, only near one tertiary of mainline Protestants and one sixth of Catholics (Anglo and Latino) claim a born-again feel." However, the handbook suggests that "born-once again questions are poor measures even for capturing evangelical respondents. ... it is likely that people who report a born-over again experience too claim it as an identity."[28]

Catholicism [edit]

Historically, the classic text from John 3 was consistently interpreted by the early church fathers equally a reference to baptism.[29] Mod Catholic interpreters take noted that the phrase 'born from above' or 'born again'[xxx] is clarified as 'being built-in of water and Spirit'.[31]

Catholic commentator John F. McHugh notes, "Rebirth, and the kickoff of this new life, are said to come about ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, of water and spirit. This phrase (without the article) refers to a rebirth which the early Church regarded as taking place through baptism."[32]

The Catechism of the Cosmic Church (CCC) notes that the essential elements of Christian initiation are: "proclamation of the Word, acceptance of the Gospel entailing conversion, profession of organized religion, Baptism itself, and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and access to Eucharistic communion."[33] Baptism gives the person the grace of forgiveness for all prior sins; information technology makes the newly baptized person a new creature and an adopted son of God;[34] information technology incorporates them into the Trunk of Christ[35] and creates a sacramental bond of unity leaving an indelible mark on our souls.[36] "Incorporated into Christ by Baptism, the person baptized is configured to Christ. Baptism seals the Christian with the enduring spiritual mark (graphic symbol) of his belonging to Christ. No sin can erase this mark, even if sin prevents Baptism from bearing the fruits of conservancy. Given once for all, Baptism cannot exist repeated."[37] The Holy Spirit is involved with each aspect of the movement of grace. "The starting time work of the grace of the Holy Spirit is conversion. ... Moved by grace, man turns toward God and away from sin, thus accepting forgiveness and righteousness from on high."[38]

The Catholic Church also teaches that under special circumstances the need for h2o baptism can be superseded by the Holy Spirit in a 'baptism of desire', such as when catechumens die or are martyred prior to receiving baptism.[39]

Pope John Paul II wrote in Catechesi Tradendae nigh "the problem of children baptized in infancy [who] come for catechesis in the parish without receiving any other initiation into the religion and still without whatever explicit personal zipper to Jesus Christ.".[40] He noted that "being a Christian means saying 'yep' to Jesus Christ, only allow the states retrieve that this 'yes' has two levels: It consists of surrendering to the word of God and relying on it, but it too means, at a later phase, endeavoring to know amend—and better the profound meaning of this word."[41]

The modern expression being "born over again" is really about the concept of "conversion".

The National Directory of Catechesis (published by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, USCCB) defines conversion as, "the credence of a personal relationship with Christ, a sincere adherence to him, and a willingness to conform one's life to his."[42] To put it more merely "Conversion to Christ involves making a genuine commitment to him and a personal decision to follow him every bit his disciple."[42]

Echoing the writings of Pope John Paul Ii, the National Directory of Catechesis describes a new intervention required past our modern world chosen the "New Evangelization". The New Evangelization is directed to the Church herself, to the baptized who were never effectively evangelized before, to those who have never fabricated a personal commitment to Christ and the Gospel, to those formed by the values of the secular culture, to those who have lost a sense of faith, and to those who are alienated.[43]

Declan O'Sullivan, co-founder of the Catholic Men'south Fellowship and knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, wrote that the "New Evangelization emphasizes the personal run into with Jesus Christ as a pre-condition for spreading the gospel. The born-over again experience is not simply an emotional, mystical loftier; the actually important matter is what happened in the convert's life after the moment or period of radical modify."[44]

Lutheranism [edit]

The Lutheran Church holds that "we are cleansed of our sins and built-in again and renewed in Holy Baptism by the Holy Ghost. But she also teaches that whoever is baptized must, through daily contrition and repentance, drown The Old Adam so that daily a new man come along and arise who walks before God in righteousness and purity forever. She teaches that whoever lives in sins after his baptism has again lost the grace of baptism."[45]

Moravianism [edit]

With regard to the New Nascence, the Moravian Church building holds that a personal conversion to Christianity is a joyful feel, in which the individual "accepts Christ as Lord" after which religion "daily grows inside the person."[46] For Moravians, "Christ lived as a homo because he wanted to provide a pattern for hereafter generations" and "a converted person could attempt to live in his paradigm and daily become more similar Jesus."[46] As such, "eye religion" characterizes Moravian Christianity.[46] The Moravian Church has historically emphasized evangelism, especially missionary piece of work, to spread the faith.[47]

Anglicanism [edit]

The phrase born again is mentioned in the 39 Articles of the Anglican Church in article XV, entitled "Of Christ lone without Sin". In function, it reads: "sin, as South. John saith, was not in Him. But all we the rest, although baptized and born over again in Christ, yet offend in many things: and if we say nosotros have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us."[48]

Although the phrase "baptized and born once more in Christ" occurs in Commodity XV, the reference is clearly to the scripture passage in John iii:iii.[49]

Reformed [edit]

In Reformed theology, Holy Baptism is the sign and the seal of 1's regeneration, which is of condolement to the believer.[l] The time of one'due south regeneration, all the same, is a mystery to oneself according to the Canons of Dort.[fifty]

According to the Reformed churches existence born again refers to "the in working of the Spirit which induces the sinner to answer to the effectual call". Co-ordinate to the Westminster Shorter Canon, Q 88, "the outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption are, his ordinances, especially the word, sacraments, and prayer; all of which are fabricated effectual to the elect for salvation."[51] Effectual calling is "the work of God'due south Spirit, whereby, convincing usa of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he doth persuade and enable us to comprehend Jesus Christ, freely offered to the states in the gospel."[52] [53]

In Reformed theology, "regeneration precedes faith."[54] Samuel Storms writes that, "Calvinists insist that the sole cause of regeneration or existence built-in again is the will of God. God first sovereignly and efficaciously regenerates, and only in consequence of that do nosotros act. Therefore, the individual is passive in regeneration, neither preparing himself nor making himself receptive to what God will exercise. Regeneration is a alter wrought in united states by God, not an autonomous deed performed by us for ourselves."[55]

Quakerism [edit]

The Central Yearly Meeting of Friends, a Holiness Quaker denomination, teaches that regeneration is the "divine work of initial salvation (Tit. iii:5), or conversion, which involves the accompanying works of justification (Rom. 5:18) and adoption (Rom. 8:xv, sixteen)."[3] In regeneration, which occurs in the New Birth], there is a "transformation in the heart of the laic wherein he finds himself a new cosmos in Christ (II Cor. 5:17; Col. 1:27)."[3]

Following the New Nascence, George Fox taught the possibility of "holiness of middle and life through the instantaneous baptism with the Holy Spirit subsequent to the new birth" (cf. Christian perfection).[56]

Methodism [edit]

In Methodism, the "new birth is necessary for salvation because it marks the move toward holiness. That comes with faith."[1] John Wesley, held that the New Birth "is that great change which God works in the soul when he brings it into life, when he raises it from the death of sin to the life of righteousness."[58] [one] In the life of a Christian, the new birth is considered the showtime work of grace.[59] In keeping with Wesleyan-Arminian covenant theology, the Articles of Faith, in Article XVII—Of Baptism, country that baptism is a "sign of regeneration or the new nativity."[60] The Methodist Visitor in describing this doctrine, admonishes individuals: "'Ye must be born again.' Yield to God that He may perform this work in and for you. Admit Him to your eye. 'Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt exist saved.'"[61] [62] Methodist theology teaches that the New Birth contains two phases that occur together, justification and regeneration:[63]

Though these two phases of the new nascence occur simultaneously, they are, in fact, ii split up and singled-out acts. Justification is that gracious and judicial act of God whereby a soul is granted complete absolution from all guilt and a full release from the penalty of sin (Romans iii:23-25). This human action of divine grace is wrought by faith in the merits of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ (Romans 5:1). Regeneration is the impartation of divine life which is manifested in that radical change in the moral character of man, from the dear and life of sin to the love of God and the life of righteousness (2 Corinthians 5:17; ane Peter 1:23). ―Principles of Faith, Emmanuel Clan of Churches[63]

Baptists [edit]

Baptists teach that a "person is built-in once again when he/she repents of his/her sins and asks Jesus to forgive him/her and trust Jesus to serve him/her."[64] Those who have been built-in once again, according to Baptist teaching, know that they are "a child of God because the Holy Spirit witnesses to them that they are" (cf. balls).[64]

Pentecostalism [edit]

Pentecost past Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. Woodcut for "Dice Bibel in Bildern", 1860.

Holiness Pentecostals historically teach the new birth (offset work of grace), entire sanctification (second work of grace) and baptism with the Holy Spirit, equally evidenced by glossolalia, every bit the third work of grace.[65] [66] The New Birth, according to Pentecostal teaching, imparts "spiritual life".[4]

Jehovah'due south Witnesses [edit]

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that individuals do non have the power to choose to be built-in again, simply that God calls and selects his followers "from above".[67] Merely those belonging to the "144,000" are considered to be born over again.[68] [69]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints [edit]

The Book of Mormon emphasizes the need for everyone to be reborn of God.[70]

Disagreements betwixt denominations [edit]

The term "born again" is used by several Christian denominations, just there are disagreements on what the term means, and whether members of other denominations are justified in claiming to be born-again Christians.

Catholic Answers says:

Catholics should inquire [Evangelical] Protestants, "Are you born once more—the manner the Bible understands that concept?" If the Evangelical has non been properly water baptized, he has non been born once more "the Bible way," regardless of what he may call up.[71]

On the other mitt, an Evangelical site argues:

Another of many examples is the Catholic who claims he besides is "born once again." ... However, what the committed Catholic means is that he received his spiritual birth when he was baptized—either as an infant or when as an adult he converted to Catholicism. That'southward not what Jesus meant when He told Nicodemus he "must be built-in over again."[72] The deliberate adoption of biblical terms which take different meanings for Catholics has become an effective tool in Rome'southward ecumenical agenda.[73]

The Reformed view of regeneration may be gear up autonomously from other outlooks in at least two means.

First, classical Roman Catholicism teaches that regeneration occurs at baptism, a view known as baptismal regeneration. Reformed theology has insisted that regeneration may take identify at any time in a person's life, fifty-fifty in the womb. It is not somehow the automatic result of baptism. 2nd, it is common for many other evangelical branches of the church to speak of repentance and faith leading to regeneration (i.e., people are born once again only afterwards they practise saving religion). Past contrast, Reformed theology teaches that original sin and total depravity deprive all people of the moral power and will to practice saving religion. ... Regeneration is entirely the piece of work of God the Holy Spirit - we can do nothing on our own to obtain information technology. God alone raises the elect from spiritual death to new life in Christ.[74] [75]

History and usage [edit]

Historically, Christianity has used various metaphors to describe its rite of initiation, that is, spiritual regeneration via the sacrament of baptism by the power of the h2o and the spirit. This remains the common agreement in most of Christendom, held, for instance, in Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Lutheranism,[45] Anglicanism,[76] and in other historic branches of Protestantism. Withal, sometime subsequently the Reformation, Evangelicalism attributed greater significance to the expression born again [77] as an experience of religious conversion,[78] symbolized by deep-water baptism, and rooted in a commitment to one's ain personal faith in Jesus Christ for conservancy. This same belief is, historically, likewise an integral part of Methodist doctrine,[79] [fourscore] and is connected with the doctrine of Justification.[81]

Co-ordinate to Encyclopædia Britannica:

'Rebirth' has oft been identified with a definite, temporally datable form of 'conversion'. ... With the voluntaristic type, rebirth is expressed in a new alignment of the will, in the liberation of new capabilities and powers that were hitherto undeveloped in the person concerned. With the intellectual type, it leads to an activation of the capabilities for understanding, to the breakthrough of a "vision". With others information technology leads to the discovery of an unexpected beauty in the order of nature or to the discovery of the mysterious meaning of history. With still others it leads to a new vision of the moral life and its orders, to a selfless realization of honey of neighbor. ... each person affected perceives his life in Christ at any given time as "newness of life."[82]

Co-ordinate to J. Gordon Melton:

Born again is a phrase used by many Protestants to describe the miracle of gaining faith in Jesus Christ. Information technology is an experience when everything they have been taught as Christians becomes real, and they develop a direct and personal relationship with God.[83]

According to Andrew Purves and Charles Partee:

Sometimes the phrase seems to exist judgmental, making a distinction between genuine and nominal Christians. Sometimes ... descriptive, like the distinction betwixt liberal and conservative Christians. Occasionally, the phrase seems historic, like the division between Cosmic and Protestant Christians. ... [the term] usually includes the notion of human choice in salvation and excludes a view of divine election past grace solitary.[84]

The term born again has become widely associated with the evangelical Christian renewal since the late 1960s, first in the United states and and then around the world. Associated perhaps initially with Jesus People and the Christian counterculture, built-in again came to refer to a conversion experience, accepting Jesus Christ as lord and savior in gild to be saved from hell and given eternal life with God in heaven, and was increasingly used as a term to identify devout believers.[12] By the mid-1970s, born again Christians were increasingly referred to in the mainstream media as part of the born again movement.

In 1976, Watergate conspirator Chuck Colson's volume Built-in Once again gained international notice. Time magazine named him "Ane of the 25 most influential Evangelicals in America."[85] The term was sufficiently prevalent and so that during the yr'due south presidential entrada, Democratic party nominee Jimmy Carter described himself as "born once again" in the first Playboy magazine interview of an American presidential candidate.

Colson describes his path to organized religion in conjunction with his criminal imprisonment and played a meaning role in solidifying the "built-in again" identity as a cultural construct in the United states. He writes that his spiritual feel followed considerable struggle and hesitancy to have a "personal meet with God." He recalls:

while I sat alone staring at the sea I dear, words I had non been certain I could sympathise or say cruel from my lips: "Lord Jesus, I believe in You. I accept You. Please come into my life. I commit it to You." With these few words...came a sureness of mind that matched the depth of feeling in my heart. In that location came something more: strength and serenity, a wonderful new assurance virtually life, a fresh perception of myself in the globe around me.[86]

Jimmy Carter was the offset President of the United States to publicly declare that he was born-over again, in 1976.[87] By the 1980 entrada, all three major candidates stated that they had been born again.[88]

Sider and Knippers[89] state that "Ronald Reagan's ballot that fall [was] aided past the votes of 61% of 'born-over again' white Protestants."

The Gallup Arrangement reported that "In 2003, 42% of U.S. adults said they were born-again or evangelical; the 2004 per centum is 41%" and that, "Blackness Americans are far more likely to identify themselves as built-in-again or evangelical, with 63% of blacks saying they are built-in-again, compared with 39% of white Americans. Republicans are far more likely to say they are built-in-again (52%) than Democrats (36%) or independents (32%)."[90]

The Oxford Handbook of Faith and American Politics, referring to several studies, reports "that 'built-in-once again' identification is associated with lower support for regime anti-poverty programs." It also notes that "cocky-reported built-in-again" Christianity, "strongly shapes attitudes towards economic policy."[91]

Names which have been inspired past the term [edit]

The idea of "rebirth in Christ" has inspired[92] some mutual European forenames: French René/Renée, Dutch Renaat/Renate, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Croation Renato/Renata, Latin Renatus/Renata, all of which mean "reborn", "born over again".[93]

Meet too [edit]

  • Altar call – Tradition in some Christian churches
  • Baptismal regeneration – Doctrines held by major Christian denomination
  • Born-again virgin – Person who commits to abstinence after having had sexual intercourse
  • Child dedication – Human activity of consecration of children
  • Jesus move – Former evangelical Christian motion
  • Dvija – Twice-built-in status of Hindu male after Upanayana
  • Evangelism – Preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ
  • Monergism – View inside Christian theology
  • Sinner's prayer – Evangelical Christian term referring to any prayer of repentance

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c Joyner, F. Belton (2007). United Methodist Questions, United Methodist Answers: Exploring Christian Faith. Westminster John Knox Printing. p. 39. ISBN9780664230395 . Retrieved x April 2014. The new nativity is necessary for conservancy considering it marks the motion toward holiness. That comes with faith.
  2. ^ Cathcart, William (1883). The Baptist Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of the Doctrines, Ordinances ... of the General History of the Baptist Denomination in All Lands, with Numerous Biographical Sketches...& a Supplement. L. H. Everts. p. 834.
  3. ^ a b c Manual of Faith and Practice of Cardinal Yearly Meeting of Friends. Fundamental Yearly Meeting of Friends. 2018. p. 26.
  4. ^ a b Wood, William West. (1965). Culture and Personality Aspects of the Pentecostal Holiness Religion. Mouton & Company. p. 18. ISBN978-3-xi-204424-seven.
  5. ^ a b Bornstein, Erica (2005). The spirit of evolution: Protestant NGOs, morality, and economics in Zimbabwe. Stanford University Press. ISBN9780804753364 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. A senior staff member in World Vision's California office elaborated on the importance of being "built-in again," emphasizing a fundamental "relationship" between individuals and Jesus Christ: "...the importance of a personal relationship with Christ [is] that it's non just a matter of going to Christ or being baptized when you are an infant. We believe that people need to be regenerated. They need a spiritual rebirth. The demand to be built-in again. ...You must be born again earlier you lot can come across, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven."
  6. ^ a b Lever, A. B. (2007). And God Said... ISBN9781604771152 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. From speaking to other Christians I know that the distinction of a born again believer is a personal feel of God that leads to a personal relationship with Him.
  7. ^ Toll, Robert G. (1993). Beyond Born Once again: Toward Evangelical Maturity. Wildside Press. ISBN9781434477484 . Retrieved thirty July 2011. I take a personal human relationship with Jesus Christ.
  8. ^ John 3:iii-5
  9. ^ Danker, Frederick W., et al, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early on Christian Literature, 3rd ed (Chicago: University of Chicago,2010), 92. Specifically see the commencement (from to a higher place) and fourth (again, anew) meanings.
  10. ^ Jn 3:iii NET
  11. ^ Jn 3:3 NET
  12. ^ a b Mullen, MS., in Kurian, GT., The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization, J. Wiley & Sons, 2012, p. 302.
  13. ^ Jn 1:v
  14. ^ cf. Jn 1:12-13; 1Jn 2:29, 3:nine, 4:vii, 5:xviii
  15. ^ Hoskyns, Sir Edwyn C. and Davy, F.N.(ed), The 4th Gospel, Faber & Faber 2d ed. 1947, pp. 211,212
  16. ^ 1Peter one:22-23
  17. ^ a b Fisichella, SJ., Taking Abroad the Veil: To See Across the Curtain of Illusion, iUniverse, 2003, pp. 55-56.
  18. ^ Emmons, Samuel B. A Bible Dictionary. BiblioLife, 2008. ISBN 978-0-554-89108-eight.
  19. ^ 1Peter 1:23
  20. ^ Driscoll, James F. "Divine Hope (in Scripture)". The Cosmic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 15 November 2009.[i]
  21. ^ "Systematic Theology - Volume III - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". world wide web.ccel.org . Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  22. ^ The New Testament Greek Lexicon. xxx July 2009.
  23. ^ Stagg, Evelyn and Frank. Woman in the Earth of Jesus. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1978. ISBN 0-664-24195-half-dozen
  24. ^ Wesley, J., The works of the Reverend John Wesley, Methodist Episcopal Church, 1831, pp. 405–406.
  25. ^ LeFevre, CF. and Williamson, ID., The Gospel anchor. Troy, NY, 1831–32, p. 66. [2]
  26. ^ a b c Ehrman, Bart (2016). Jesus Earlier the Gospels: How the Earliest Christians Remembered, Changed, and Invented Their Stories of the Savior. HarperOne. pp. 108–109. ISBN978-0062285201.
  27. ^ "Biblical Errancy: The "Born Again" Dialogue In the Gospel of John". Biblical Errancy . Retrieved xi September 2019.
  28. ^ The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, OUP, p16.
  29. ^ Joel C. Elworthy, Ed. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, New Testament IVa, John 1-ten (Downers Grove: Intervarsity Printing, 2007), p. 109-110
  30. ^ John 3:3
  31. ^ John 3:five
  32. ^ John F. McHugh, John 1-4, The International Critical Commentary (New York: T&T Clark, 2009), p. 227
  33. ^ CCC 1229
  34. ^ ii Corinthians v:17; two Peter 1:4
  35. ^ Ephesians 4:25
  36. ^ CCC 1262-1274
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External links [edit]

  • The New Birth, John Wesley, sermon No. 45. Wesley's teaching on being born again, and argument that it is fundamental to Christianity.

mingleyoustand.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_again

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